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See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. .. _admin-cache-storage: Cache Storage ************* The Traffic Server cache consists of a high-speed object database called the :term:`object store` that indexes :term:`cache objects ` according to URLs and their associated headers. .. toctree:: :maxdepth: 2 The Traffic Server Cache ======================== The Traffic Server cache consists of a high-speed object database called the :term:`object store`. The object store indexes :term:`cache objects ` according to URLs and associated headers. This enables Traffic Server to store, retrieve, and serve not only web pages, but also parts of web pages - which provides optimum bandwidth savings. Using sophisticated object management, the object store can cache :term:`alternate` versions of the same object (versions may differ because of dissimilar language or encoding types). It can also efficiently store very small and very large documents, thereby minimizing wasted space. When the cache is full, Traffic Server removes :term:`stale` data to ensure the most requested objects are kept readily available and fresh. Traffic Server is designed to tolerate total disk failures on any of the cache disks. If the disk fails completely, then Traffic Server marks the entire disk as corrupt and continues using the remaining disks. An alarm is then created to indicate which disk failed. If all of the cache disks fail, then Traffic Server goes into proxy-only mode. You can perform the following cache configuration tasks: - Change the total amount of disk space allocated to the cache; refer to `Changing Cache Capacity`_. - Partition the cache by reserving cache disk space for specific protocols and :term:`origin servers/domains `; refer to `Partitioning the Cache`_. - Delete all data in the cache; refer to `Clearing the Cache`_. - Override cache directives for a requested domain name, regex on a url, hostname or ip, with extra filters for time, port, method of the request, and more. ATS can be configured to never cache, always cache, ignore no-cache directives, etc. These are configured in :file:`cache.config`. The RAM Cache ============= Traffic Server maintains a small RAM cache of extremely popular objects. This RAM cache serves the most popular objects as quickly as possible and reduces load on disks, especially during temporary traffic peaks. You can configure the RAM cache size to suit your needs, as described in :ref:`changing-the-size-of-the-ram-cache` below. The RAM cache supports two cache eviction algorithms, a regular *LRU* (Least Recently Used) and the more advanced *CLFUS* (Clocked Least Frequently Used by Size; which balances recentness, frequency, and size to maximize hit rate, similar to a most frequently used algorithm). The default is to use *LRU*, and this is controlled via :ts:cv:`proxy.config.cache.ram_cache.algorithm`. Both the *LRU* and *CLFUS* RAM caches support a configuration to increase scan resistance. In a typical *LRU*, if you request all possible objects in sequence, you will effectively churn the cache on every request. The option :ts:cv:`proxy.config.cache.ram_cache.use_seen_filter` can be set to add some resistance against this problem. In addition, *CLFUS* also supports compressing in the RAM cache itself. This can be useful for content which is not compressed by itself (e.g. images). This should not be confused with ``Content-Encoding: gzip``, this feature is only present to save space internally in the RAM cache itself. As such, it is completely transparent to the User-Agent. The RAM cache compression is enabled with the option :ts:cv:`proxy.config.cache.ram_cache.compress`. Possible values are: ======= ============================= Value Meaning ======= ============================= 0 No compression (*default*) 1 *fastlz* compression 2 *libz* compression 3 *liblzma* compression ======= ============================= .. _changing-the-size-of-the-ram-cache: Changing the Size of the RAM Cache ================================== Traffic Server provides a dedicated RAM cache for fast retrieval of popular small objects. The default RAM cache size is automatically calculated based on the number and size of the :term:`cache partitions ` you have configured. If you've partitioned your cache according to protocol and/or hosts, then the size of the RAM cache for each partition is proportional to the size of that partition. You can increase the RAM cache size for better cache hit performance. However, if you increase the size of the RAM cache and observe a decrease in performance (such as increased latencies), then it's possible that the operating system requires more memory for network resources. In such instances, you should return the RAM cache size to its previous value. To change the RAM cache size: #. Stop Traffic Server. #. Set the variable :ts:cv:`proxy.config.cache.ram_cache.size` to specify the size of the RAM cache. The default value of ``-1`` means that the RAM cache is automatically sized at approximately 1MB per gigabyte of disk. #. Restart Traffic Server. If you increase the RAM cache to a size of 1GB or more, then restart with the :program:`trafficserver` command (refer to :ref:`start-traffic-server`). Changing Cache Capacity ======================= You can increase or reduce the total amount of disk space allocated to the cache without clearing the content. To check the size of the cache (in bytes), enter the command :option:`traffic_ctl metric get` ``proxy.process.cache.bytes_total``. Increasing Cache Capacity ------------------------- To increase the total amount of disk space allocated to the cache on existing disks, or to add new disks to a Traffic Server node: #. Stop Traffic Server. #. Add hardware, if necessary. #. Edit :file:`storage.config` to increase the amount of disk space allocated to the cache on existing disks or describe the new hardware you are adding. #. Restart Traffic Server. Reducing Cache Capacity ----------------------- To reduce the total amount of disk space allocated to the cache on an existing disk, or to remove disks from a Traffic Server node: #. Stop Traffic Server. #. Remove hardware, if necessary. #. Edit :file:`storage.config` to reduce the amount of disk space allocated to the cache on existing disks or delete the reference to the hardware you're removing. #. Restart Traffic Server. .. important:: In :file:`storage.config`, a formatted or raw disk must be at least 128 MB. .. _partitioning-the-cache: Partitioning the Cache ====================== You can manage your cache space and restrict disk usage from specific :term:`origin servers ` and/or domains by creating :term:`cache volumes `. Partitioning the Cache According to Origin Server or Domain ----------------------------------------------------------- .. XXX: rewrite to remove repetitious single-v-multiple points; break out global partition note for clarify; fix up plurality You can assign the volumes you create to specific origin servers and/or domains. You can assign a volume to a single origin server or to multiple origin servers. However, if a volume is assigned to multiple origin servers, then there is no guarantee on the space available in the volumes for each origin server. Content is stored in the volumes according to popularity. In addition to assigning volumes to specific origin servers and domains, you must assign a generic volume to store content from all origin servers and domains that are not listed. This generic volume is also used if the partitions for a particular origin server or domain become corrupt. If you do not assign a generic volume, then Traffic Server will run in proxy-only mode. The volumes do not need to be the same size. .. note:: You do not need to stop Traffic Server before you assign volumes to particular hosts or domains. However, this type of configuration is time-consuming and can cause a spike in memory usage. Therefore, it's best to configure partition assignment during periods of low traffic. To partition the cache according to hostname and domain: #. Enter a line in the :file:`hosting.config` file to allocate the volume(s) used for each origin server and/or domain. #. Assign a generic volume to use for content that does not belong to any of the origin servers or domains listed in the file. If all volumes for a particular origin server become corrupt, then Traffic Server will also use the generic volume to store content for that origin server as per :file:`hosting.config`. #. Run the command :option:`traffic_ctl config reload` to apply the configuration changes. Configuring the Cache Object Size Limit ======================================= By default, Traffic Server allows objects of any size to be cached. You can change the default behavior and specify a size limit for objects in the cache via the steps below: #. Set :ts:cv:`proxy.config.cache.max_doc_size` to specify the maximum size in bytes allowed for objects in the cache. A setting of ``0`` (zero) will permit cache objects to be unlimited in size. #. Run the command :option:`traffic_ctl config reload` to apply the configuration changes. .. _clearing-the-cache: Clearing the Cache ================== When you clear the cache, you remove all data from the entire cache - including data in the host database. You should clear the cache before performing certain cache configuration tasks such as partitioning. You cannot clear the cache when Traffic Server is running. To clear the cache: #. Stop Traffic Server (see :ref:`stop-traffic-server`) #. Enter the following command to clear the cache:: traffic_server -Cclear The ``clear`` command deletes all data in the object store and the host database. Traffic Server does not prompt you to confirm the deletion. #. Restart Traffic Server (see :ref:`start-traffic-server`). Removing an Object From the Cache ================================= Traffic Server accepts the custom HTTP request method ``PURGE`` when removing a specific object from cache. If the object is found in the cache and is successfully removed, then Traffic Server responds with a ``200 OK`` HTTP message; otherwise, a ``404 File Not Found`` message is returned. .. note:: By default, the PURGE request method is only processed if received on the localhost interface. In the following example, Traffic Server is running on the domain ``example.com`` and you want to remove the image ``remove_me.jpg`` from cache. Because by default we do not permit ``PURGE`` requests from any other IP, we connect to the daemon via localhost: :: $ curl -vX PURGE --resolve example.com:80:127.0.0.1 http://example.com/remove_me.jpg * About to connect() to example.com port 80 (#0) * Trying 127.0.0.1... connected * Connected to example.com (127.0.0.1) port 80 (#0) > PURGE /remove_me.jpg HTTP/1.1 > User-Agent: curl/7.19.7 > Host: example.com > Accept: */* > < HTTP/1.1 200 Ok < Date: Thu, 08 Jan 2010 20:32:07 GMT < Connection: keep-alive The next time Traffic Server receives a request for the removed object, it will contact the origin server to retrieve a new copy, which will replace the previously cached version in Traffic Server. This procedure only removes the index to the object from a specific Traffic Server cache. While the object remains on disk, Traffic Server will no longer able to find the object. The next request for that object will result in a fresh copy of the object fetched. Users may still see the old (removed) content if it was cached by intermediary caches or by the end-users' web browser. Pushing an Object into the Cache ================================ Traffic Server accepts the custom HTTP request method ``PUSH`` to put an object into the the cache. If the object is successfully written to the cache, then Traffic Server responds with a ``200 OK`` HTTP message; otherwise a ``400 Malformed Pushed Response Header`` message is returned. To push an object, first save the object headers and body into a file. For instance: :: $ curl -s -i -o /path/to/file "http://example.com/push_me.html" $ cat /path/to/file HTTP/1.1 200 OK Date: Wed, 31 May 2017 16:01:59 GMT Access-Control-Allow-Origin: * Cache-Control: max-age=10800, public Last-Modified: Wed, 31 May 2017 16:01:59 GMT Content-Type: text/html Age: 0 Content-Length: 176970